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Siege of Pamplona (1813)
In the Siege of Pamplona (26 June–31 October 1813) a Spanish army led by Captain General Henry (Enrique José) O'Donnell laid siege to an Imperial French garrison under the command of General of Brigade Louis Pierre Jean Cassan. In late July 1813, Marshal Nicolas Soult attempted to relieve the city but his operation failed in the Battle of the Pyrenees. After the French troops in the city were reduced to starvation, Cassan surrendered to the Spanish. Pamplona is located on the Arga River in the province of Navarre in northern Spain. The siege occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars.
==Siege==
Arthur Wellesley, Marquess Wellington drove the French from northern Spain by his decisive victory at the Battle of Vitoria on 21 June 1813. When the French Army of the North withdrew over the Pyrenees, its commander General of Division Bertrand Clausel left a garrison of about 3,000 men and 80 pieces of heavy artillery in the fortified city of Pamplona. This force, under the leadership of Louis Pierre Jean Aphrodise Cassan, was later increased somewhat by numbers of straggling and sick soldiers.〔Gates (2002), 439〕
Initially an Anglo-Portuguese force arrived to blockade the town, engineers constructed nine Redoubts at a distance of 1,200 to 1,500 yards from the fortress, each redoubt being garrisoned by 200-300 men and equipped with field guns captured from the Battle of Vitoria. Once constructed a Spanish army under Enrique José O'Donnell, invested the city.〔Gates (2002), 410, 413〕 In the Vitoria campaign in June, O'Donnell's 14,183-strong Army of the Reserve of Andalusia consisted of two divisions of infantry under Generals Creagh and Echevarri and a brigade of cavalry led by General Barcena. Creagh had 6,454 men in seven battalions, Echevarri commanded 6,617 soldiers in seven battalions, Barcena led 828 troopers in two regiments, and there were 284 artillerists.〔Gates (2002), 521〕
So effective was the blockade that not one single communication passed between the garrison and Marshall Soult commanding the French troops that were trying to come for their relief.〔
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